Saturday, August 31, 2019

Education policy Essay

Education the basic need Object of Education: Importance of Education: Background of Pakistan’s Educational System Educational System in Pakistan: Key Performance Indicators for Education Systems PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN 1. Medium of Education: 2. Disparity of System at Provincial Level: 3. Gender Discrimination: 4. Lack of Technical Education:: 5. Low allocation of funds: 6. Inefficient Teachers: 7. Poverty: 8. Corruption: 9. Social imbalance: 10. Mismanagement of System: 11. Infrastructure Problems: 12. Private school system: 13. Lack of educational policies: 14. Increase in population: 15. Lack of attention of the authorities: 16. Lack of uniform educational system: 17. Medium of Instruction: 18. Education as a business: 19. Delay in renewal of policies and syllabus 20. Political Interference: SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM: 1. English should be medium of Instruction: 2. Talented and qualified Staff 3. Fulfill the lack of teachers 4. Primary education should be made compulsory: 5. Increase in teachers incentives 6. Translation of foreign research to local language 7. Check on distinctive education:- 8. Scholarships and financial support to students: 9. Special Financial packages: 10. Betterment of education policies and teachers workshop: 11. Infused Technical Education: 12. Promotion of primary education: Conclusion Essay Education the basic need Education is the light of the life. Education proves to one of the most important factors for the development of human civilization. Education enhances human status and leads everyone to propriety. it is a continuous and lifelong process. It attributes most important, precious and permanent property of an individual. Education provides manpower, strengthens national unity and uplifts public awareness. It invites positive and constructive change in life. It makes our life really prosperous and meaningful. Everyone wants to be well educated. Life can be successful by the help of appropriate education. Educated person can only judge what is correct and what is wrong And takes the appropriate and right decision but uneducated person fails to do so. Object of Education: Robert Maynard Hutchins describes it as â€Å"The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives. † We should give our youth the way to educate themselves. Edward Everett said that â€Å"Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army. † Importance of Education: We all know the importance of education. It is the most important aspect of any nation’s survival today. Education builds the nations; it determines the future of a nation. ISLAM also tells us about Education and its importance. The real essence of Education according to ISLAM is â€Å"to know ALLAH† but I think in our country we truly lost. Neither our schools nor our madrassa’s (Islamic Education Centres) are truly educating our youth in this regard. In schools, we are just preparing them for â€Å"Money†. We aren’t educating them we are just preparing â€Å"Money Machines†. We are only increasing the burden of the books for our children and just enrolling them in a reputed, big school for what, just for social status On the other hand in our madrassas we are preparing people who finds very difficult to adjust in the modern society. Sometimes it seems that they are from another planet. A madrassa student can’t compete even in our country then the World is so far from him. He finds very difficult to even speak to a school boy. It is crystal clear that Islamic Education is necessary for Muslims but it is also a fact that without modern education no one can compete in this world. There are many examples of Muslim Scholars who not only study the Holy Quraan but also mastered the other subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Astronomy and many more, with the help of Holy Quraan. I think with the current education system we are narrowing the way for our children instead of widening it. There is no doubt that our children are very talented, both in schools and in madrassas, we just need to give them proper ways to groom, give them the space to become Quaid-E-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Allama Iqbal, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Alberoni, Abnalhasam, or Einstein, Newton, Thomas Edison. The education system we are running with is not working anymore. We have to find a way to bridge this gap between school and madrassa. Background of Pakistan’s Educational System Numerous international assessments could explore that Pakistan is lagging behind many countries in achieving the Education for All goal (EFA). We were the signatory to the treaty under Dakar Framework where it was decided by all the developing countries that they will be trying to achieve the target of EFI in the meeting held in Senegal in 2000. UNESCO rates in Pakistan are at a lower EFA development Index (EDI) because of low; enrolment at primary school, adult literacy, gender equity and equality, equalities in education and quality of education. The adult literacy in Pakistan, in spite of concerted efforts, fail to go beyond the border line of 50 percent. The women literacy is much more belittling as thirty three percent of the adult women cannot even read. The more embracing would be that we would not be catching the target to achieve the adult literacy by 2015. Progress towards the achievement of the targets is exceptionally slow, while gender parity goal is at risk of not being achieved by 2015. Moreover, more than 6 million children are out of school. Educational System in Pakistan: Education system in Pakistan is really having a bad configuration at the moment. There is no doubt in accepting the fact that education stands the backbone for the development of nations. Looking at the history of nations, we may safely reach the conclusion that the advanced nations of the world could reach the zenith of prestige and power taking support from education. The allocations for education are too meager, and in spite of allocation, the amount is not spent for what it was meant for as the corruption is found in all the tiers of education and also because of the same delivery from the government institutions that is much below the desired and aspired levels. Private education in Pakistan is far reaching for the poor and the turnover of this quality education does not serve the country the way they are supposed to. Planning for education does not go in congruence with the needs and implement remains ever ignored, so by this way the system is getting more spoiled rather than flourishing. Our universities have failed to produce the planners, developers, implementers, and decision makers. Rather the turnover is a mismatch with the ground realities, the half backed persons we are producing are of no use to us. The students we come across are degree seekers rather than the knowledge. The increase in number of colleges and universities does not mean that we are going by the standards rather these are worsening, a simple evidence of which is that no Pakistani university could find a space among the top 1000 universities of the world. The socio-economic scenario is directly attached with the status of Education in the country. The developed world managed to scale up their education in line with the needs and market requirements. Despite the recent achievements, a lot more is needed to be done as the country still faces numerous challenges which cause deterrence. We are under obligation to raise the education of our population to the level of our South Asian neighbors, to combat our own social and economic wants to the satisfactory level. The very scale of Pakistan’s education sector — more than 150,000 public education institutions serving over 21 million students and a huge private sector that serves another 12 million – presents formidable challenges. Education is found to be the cheapest and tangible defense mechanism for a nation on the social, political, and economic fronts. But the down trodden condition of education in Pakistan bears an ample testimony of the fact that it is unable to defend its own sector. Over the span of 64 years, the nation has been given the 23 policies and action plans but we could not start the march towards success and are waiting for a savior who could take the system out of turmoil. There were ample spending in the government of Pervaiz Musharraf on education and due to which, we could see the visible positive educational change in Pakistani society. Currently the economic situation in Pakistan is under severe stress and education sector has received the highest impact in Pakistan. The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan has led to the fact in the following words, â€Å"The state of Pakistan shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period. † In Human development Report, Pakistan is placed at 136th position because its 49. 9% population comes under the definition of education. The dropout rate is alarmingly high at the primary level; consequently, it is revealed by the Data Center of UNESCO, that 33. 8% females and 47. 18% in males could pass through the most initial level of education. We may be conclusive about the ground reality that people in the 6th largest country of the world have no access to the basic education even. Key Performance Indicators for Education Systems The frequently used indicators for assessing education and its systems are adult literacy rates, male and female enrollment at different levels of education, participation rate in the different areas of the country; the dropout rates, the amount of resources allocated to education as a proportion of the GDP and some measures of the quality of education being pursued. At the moment, the workability of these indicators rests on the footing of authenticated and recent data so that the planning details may be worked out with confidence. Irony of fate, the indicators, their footings and the quality of data all want more authenticity, but unfortunately, Pakistan’s record lacks objectivity and rationality on all counts. PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN 1. Medium of Education: The system of education in Pakistan is operative in match with the local needs and ground realities. It is almost a decisive factor that the education in the mother tongue surrenders more dividends but we have the system more segregated and diversified just contrary to our requirements. A good example of it is that we fail to decide about the Medium of education over the span of 64 years. Different mediums are operational in both, public and private sector. This creates a sort of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments. 21. Disparity of System at Provincial Level:: The Regions of Pakistan in the name of provinces are not at par as regards the infrastructure, availability of staff, their training, content mastery allocation of resources and their utilization. This develops a disparity not only in the system but in the turnover too. There is a need to revisit the schools in Baluchistan (The Largest Province of Pakistan by area) because these are not that much groomed as that of Punjab (The Largest Province of Pakistan by Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29. 5% in males and 3% in females. The conditions are to be made more congenial about teaching and learning in all parts of the country without any discretion. 22. Gender Discrimination:: We should have know how of the population comprising females, unfortunately their education is not attended to the way it was deemed fit. The gender discrimination is a cause that is contributing towards the low participation rate of girls at the basic level of education. The male and female participation ratio is projected at the primary school in the shape of ratio of boys & girls as 10:4 respectively. In the decade passed, government invited private sector to shoulder the responsibility of education of the youth. The intent was also to provide the education at the doorstep to the children especially the female students. The private sector took up the challenge and there was an increase in the growth of private schools but this step didn’t cause the increase in the students or the quality. The masses could not be attracted because of precious education. It created clear cut tiers of society and created a gap among those with the haves and have not’s. 23. Lack of Technical Education:: There is a craze for the white collar jobs for the same pupils. Select the general rut of education, though they have the least tilt or the capacity to cope with the demands. China, Japan and Germany have the ruts for those who have a taste for and do not achieve the excellence in the general rut of education. We have kept the opportunities open for all to participate in general education at all levels especially the university level. We could not attract the general masses towards technical education making them to earn of their own act as the entrepreneurs and make their living without being the burden on the government. Education system is needed to be revamped making a space for the science, IT, management, and pupil with the excellence to go to the higher education pursuing the education of their own choice. Lesser emphasis on technical education means the lesser manpower for industry and hence the lesser finance generation. 24. Low allocation of funds:: The allocation of funds for education is very low as it never went beyond 1. 5 to 2. 0 percent of the total GDP. Even this amount was not utilized and had to be surrendered back to the government because of want of expertise and the knowledge of codal formalities and in time release of funds. There is a need to increase it around 7% of the total GDP keeping in view the allocations by the neighboring countries, there is also a need to rationalize the share at the different levels not ignoring any. 25. Inefficient Teachers:: Government fails to attract the potential candidates for teaching with the zeal vigor and excellent carrier. Teaching is rated as the lowest among the jobs for the youth, because of lesser incentives, slow promotions and lesser fringe benefits. The teachers in government schools are not well groomed and equipped with knowledge and training. People who do not get job in any other sector, they try their luck in educational system. There is a need to reorganize pre-service and in-service trainings making them matched with the requirements rather to keep them ideal, unique and novel. 26. Poverty:: Poverty is growing over the years. The average class is vanishing like anything. It happens to be a curse for the nation that exists without having the average income group. The escalation of poverty has restricted the parents to send their children to tasks for child labor or at least to public or private schools. In these schools, the drop out is very high because schools are not the attractive places, the curriculum is dry and the teaching does not match the live situations. Poor parents are constrained to send their children to madressahs where the education is totally free. 27. Corruption:: Corruption causes the educational policies, plans and projects to fail because of being the major contributing factor. There is no accountability and transparency in the system, the salaries are low, the incentives are too less to be accounted and even those are uneven. An estimated Rs. 2,594 million out of a total of Rs. 7,016 million provided for improvement of school facilities such as buildings, electricity, drinkable water, etc had gone unaccounted during the fiscal periods 2001-06 (UNESCO Bano, 2007). Similarly, more than 70% literacy centers in Punjab remained inoperative or exist only on paper (ADBP, 2007). The chances of ghost schools should be evaded by involving the community in the processes of inspection and monitoring. 28. Social imbalance:: The students from the elite class follow the â€Å"O† and â€Å"A† levels curriculum instead of Pakistan’s routine orthodox and stagnant curriculum. They have little or no awareness of their religion and culture whereas those passing out from Urdu medium schools are usually destined to work in clerical and lower level positions. Religious madrassas churn out yet another class that is usually unaware of the world outside their own perception. 29. Mismanagement of System:: Teachers’ absenteeism, poor professional training, sub-standard materials and obsolete teaching methods act as the major contributive factors towards the low enrolment in schools. Burki (2005), opines that most of the public schools are either mismanaged or poorly managed. They are found imparting education of second-rate quality through substandard textbooks and curricula that do not cater the needs of the 21st century. The education should be based on learning outcomes through suggesting multiple books rather than following a single book as an obligation. 30. Infrastructure Problems:: The dropout rate of those lucky enough to be enrolled goes beyond 45% as has been divulged by the several reports. Most of the public sector educational institutions stay in a status of poor condition lacking even basic facilities, resultantly shaking the presupposed standards of education. There are four areas that snivel for pressing concentration which are curriculum, textbooks, examinations, and teacher training (Hoodbhoy, 2001). The textbooks need be made more facilitating, student and learning friendly. 31. Private school system:: Private Schools in Pakistan enroll more students than in other countries of the region. They least bother about the capacity and facilities available, they rather over burden the teaching staff. The rapid mushroom growth of private schools and academies of teaching reflect the people’s lack of trust in the public sector schools coupled with a deficiency of sufficient educational institutions to cater to the needs of the fast growing population. However, there are certain private schools which are slightly better than the public ones. In the elite schools where the quality education is offered, heavy fees is charged that continues to be a problem. These private sectors schools are meant only for a special sector of the population and are out of the reach of general masses. The private sector schools should be brought under the control of rules making these somewhat accessible for the common population. 32. Lack of educational policies:: The National Education Policy (1998-2010) was developed prior to Dakar. It has a clear cut vision and direction to support the education department. Since the 2001, the Ministry of Education has developed a number of policy documents including that of National Education policy (2009) but the endeavors remain focused on paper work more rather than the operationalization, though the involvement of NGOs and international development agencies is very much there. The simple reason is that the plans are vicious and not the ground reality based. The policies should be environment friendly. . 33. Increase in population:: Literacy in Pakistan has risen from 45 to 54 percent within the span of 2002 to 2006, simultaneously primary enrollment rates have also increased from 42 to 52 percent. The population explosion could not enable to catch the targets. In spite of the increase in the certain parameters, the participation rate in Pakistan remains the lowest in South Asia. Alongside it, there are marked male-female, inter-regional and rural-urban disparities: Only 22 percent of girls, compared to 47 percent boys, complete primary schooling. Female literacy in rural Baluchistan is only 32 percent compared to high urban male literacy rates (and 80 percent among the urban male in Sindh) 34. Lack of attention of the authorities:: Most of the criticisms leveled against the education procedures and practices may be rationalized through improving governance and accountability. It would be tangible and workable if we could go for considering the merit, enabling capacity building, increasing investments in education as an industry and finally giving the heir and fire powers to the administrative heads. The private sector and the banks should finance the educational milieu with confidence, as at the moment, we are spending 2. 3 percent of GDP which is the lowest in South Asia. 35. Lack of uniform educational system:: There is a crying need for quality which calls for homogeneity among the procedural formalities like the observance of the curriculum. Had it been uniform the working for it, further extension becomes easier and getting the intellect skimmed out of masses becomes possible. Currently, the poor are deprived of education in the elite institutions which are causing the development of a special class. This class doesn’t work for the nation; they work elsewhere but are fed through the national resources. 36. Medium of Instruction:: We took a long period in deciding that what our medium of instruction would be, till now we don’t have a clear picture before us. It is good to have the National language as the medium of communication provided; we have a rich treasure of knowledge. In our case, we do not fail to develop Urdu to cope with the intellectual needs nor do we translate the treasure of knowledge available for our national use. 37. Education as a business:: Education has been pursued by some of the people as an industry but because of being illiterates, they fail to cope up with the stipulated standards. The leader with vision spoils the mission as well as the projects undertaken. Their only intent is money making that has caused the decay in the standards, induction of sub-standard staff, and depriving the deserving to grow. They don’t want to catch with the move of success but they try to be good entrepreneurs. 38. Delay in renewal of policies and syllabus/Political Interference:: There is a need to continuously update the curriculum because if it goes stale, it does not equip the beneficiaries with the saleable skills and expertise. At the first place, the problems cited have arisen due to lack of commitment and inefficient management on the part of state. The policies lack long term vision and its implementation strategies are being affected by undue political interference. In addition to it, the measures taken are not evidence based and geared by the vested interests of the authorities. Whatever strategies have been applied failed to promote the rational and critical thinking skills amongst the students. At the second place, we find lack of resource commitment and realistic implementation alongside poor allocated resource utilization. As relevant statistics are not available, implementation of the education policy has not been successfully executed. At the third place, we come across weak budgetary planning because of staggered data and least coordination among the data maintaining units (USAID, 2006). The coordination, match with the assessment, project design and implementation are not to the desired level within the government and with the donor agencies. The harmonization is missing too between the federal and provincial governments which cause drastic problems in the policy implementation. The policy formulating, planning and implementing bodies work in isolation as the water tight compartments. The government’s consultation is very much restricted and does not go beyond its specific quarters. It should have to be extended to non-state sectors to initiate and mobilize the action. Teachers does not normally form the part of policy making process, hence the process of sharing and consultation remains missing. It leads to implementation of educational policies without consultation, thus the efforts go in vain (UNESCO, 2007). Over the span of time, what we have learnt is to go for dialogue, and keeping the private and public sector on board. The matter of access to education and challenges to quality remain at stake as being unresolved despite much policy deliberation. Recently, Minister of Education announced a new Education policy for that next 10 years ignoring the fact that the previous educational policy span still persists that was from 1998 to 2010. The policy has projected new plans and promises to the nation pointing to the fact that all the public schools will be raised to the level of private schools within the shortest period of time. In the absence of a plan of action, the suggested plan of action would not work. The schools have been put under obligation to use the national curriculum and encourage the students of 5th and 8th class to take board exams. This has disturbed the students of private sector also. It is urged that the Universities should be the research centre’s and must not be allowed to act as the examining bodies for graduate or post-graduate examinations. Allocations are supposed to be made to the aspired levels as UNO suggests a country to allocate at least four percent of its GDP towards education but here in Pakistan we are just allocating less than two percents of GDP. Even that is not fully utilized because of procedural formalities. Suggested Solutions for Educational System: 13. English should be medium of Instruction: English language should be the medium of instruction from beginning to the higher levels of learning. National language should be a supporting language for communication facilitation and every day business. Efforts should be made to enhance the knowledge treasure in the national language through translation of the research based information. 14. Talented and qualified Staff Hiring should be made from amongst the highly qualified and the teachers should be paid not according to the level of education but the qualification of the staff. 15. Fulfill the lack of teachers: Efforts should be made to bring down the student-teacher ratio to 15:1 in lieu of current 40:1. Consequently, the number of teachers will have to be enhanced, leading to the rise in number of teachers and enabling the competent persons to be inducted to the system of education. 16. Primary education should be made compulsory: Primary education should be made compulsory and free (it is already free of cost but not compulsory). It should also be made appealing, impressive, interesting and utilitarian to attract the general masses. 17. Increase in teachers incentives Teachers should be offered more financial benefits by increasing their pays. 18. Translation of foreign research to local language University professors should be encouraged to conduct and share the research to the concerned stakeholders. They should also be asked to translate the foreign research into local languages for sharing it with the lower formations of education enabling them to implement/take benefit out of it. 19. Check on distinctive education:- Government should strictly check all private educational institutions for keeping a balance of standards and level of practices. 20. Scholarships and financial support to students: Students should be offered more scholarships and government should support the intelligent and outstanding students to prosper, develop and serve their local community rather than migrating to the big cities. 21. Special Financial packages: The dilemma here in Pakistan is that students are genius but they use their intelligence in negative way, hence, contributing nothing towards the development of country. Another problem with Pakistan is brain drain. Capable and outstanding professionals prefer foreign jobs instead of serving in their own country. This is due to the low financial benefits and indifferent attitude of government towards them. Recently Government should provide them facilities and special financial packages to encourage them to stay in their own country. 22. Betterment of education policies and teachers workshop: In the view of importance of education, the Government should take solid steps towards implementation instead of projecting policies. In this regard, the allocations should be made easy and timely from provinces to districts and then to educational institutes. Workshops must be arranged for teachers as a continuous feature for learning. 23. Infused Technical Education: Technical education should be infused into the regular system stream. The education board of Punjab has projected a plan to give tech- education to the children of industrial workers. 24. Promotion of primary education: Promotion of the primary education should be made possible by consulting teachers, professors and educationists while devising any plan, syllabus or policy for it. There should be a balance in reliance on public and private for enabling education to reach the general masses in its true shape. Students’ outlook is to be broadened by taking them out of the books into the practical realities. Education is the only cure of disability of the state and for bringing revolution through evolution and by eradicating the social evils through education. Conclusion Education serves as the backbone for the development of nations. The countries with the effective impressive need oriented, saleable and effective system of education comes out to be the leaders of the world, both socially and economically. It is only education which can turn a burden of population into productive human resource. Pakistan’s current state demands that the allocations for education be doubled to meet the challenges of EFI, gender disparity and provision of teachers in the work places earlier than 2018 as per stipulated qualifications. Millennium Development Goals are yet to be realized latest by 2015. The natural calamities, political turbulence, provincialisms, and political motivations make the best planned, fail. The allocations towards the sector of education could not be enhanced because of the earlier. We have to revisit our priorities to keep the country on the track of progress.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Psychology and Personality Traits

Traits Personality is a complex hypothetical construct that has been defined In a variety of ways such as what does It mean to say that someone has an optimistic personality? This assertion Indicates that the person has a fairly consistent tendency to behave In a cheerful, hopeful, enthusiastic way(Wayne &Doug, 2013). As a person, there has many personality fit on you, so we have been asking take the online personality test and analyze five factor (Extroversion, Neurotics, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness)in the score. Someone was extroversion, we can say that person is outgoing,scalable, friendly and assertive. This kind of person, they always go to party and they always can find friendly quickly. In the tests there has six branch of the extra RSI en d less,G regal soundness,Ease rotten sees,Ex. me NT-seeks Eng,actively level and cheerfulness. ), every branch has their own score and choose average of them to build your score for extroversion.My comment of extroversion s hows my score on extroversion is average, indicating I am neither a subdued loner nor a Jovial chatterbox. I enjoy time with others but also time alone. Some point I agree like I can find friend quickly and I Like spend some times Just for private or I have positive mood and feeling and I Like to try some crazy things but there has some point has a little bit different . Friendless†¦ 63, Your level of friendliness is average. They make friends quickly and it is easy for them to form close, intimate relationships.In the friendless, I think there has a little different from me. I can make friends quickly but I am not easy to close because when I started go to school, many people think I am cough girl, cool eyes, hot temper.. Before they make friend with me, they think am just Like Big Boss, always control other people and never smile but when they has chance to know me , they know I am person who are not like what am I look like. Even my best friend, she said she don't know how s he can make friend with me.But it Just like the comment saying, I can make friends quickly, I don't know why but when I talk to someone, they always think I am funny and they always has some same thought with me, so my mother never worry about my sociability. —–Assertiveness†¦ 28,Low corers tend not to talk much and let others control the activities of groups. Your level of assertiveness Is low. This one think It Is not me, totally not me As said before, I Like control and I always acting Like a big boss. In my circle of friends, I am just like leader or like their mom, take care everything and help everyone.So, I can say let others control is impossible in my life, if there has someone wants to control, I will show or acting I am the better that them and I can handle everything. Neurotics If talk about neurotics, some words we can associated are anxious, hostile, self- unconscious, Insecure and vulnerable. Those who score high In neurologist tend to overreact(Mor occo&Almeida,2004) and exhibit more impulsiveness and emotional instability than others(Weedier,2009). There has six part in Neurotics: Anxiety, Anger, Depression, Self-consciousness, Immoderation and Vulnerability.The comment I got said : amour score on Neurotics is average, indicating that your level of emotional reactivity is typical of the general population. Stressful and frustrating situations are somewhat upsetting to you, but you are generally able to get over eel angry when some unfair thing happened or something did not go my way, feel sad when some bad things happened and did not feel nervous in social occasions also can handle someone say some bad things about me, I am not fragile that can influenced by other people is Just like me.I did not find anything different in Neurotics, all I get is average, I am not strong enough but I am not weak. Openness to experience Curiosity, flexibility, vivid fantasy, imaginativeness, artistic sensitivity and unconventional attitudes(Wa yne &Doug, 2013) are another words which can describe money was openness. Elf people who are high in openness, they must be tolerant of ambiguity and have less need.They tend to think and act in individualistic and nonconforming ways. In this case, my score is 9 and it is low in the total score is 99,the comment they give to me is think in plain and simple terms, others describe me as down-to earth, practical, and conservative. In these six branch, there has some saying connecting with me such as medium range of imagination, no interest in arts, I can change arbitrary between psychological liberalism and conservatism as I think. Psychology and Personality Traits Traits Personality is a complex hypothetical construct that has been defined In a variety of ways such as what does It mean to say that someone has an optimistic personality? This assertion Indicates that the person has a fairly consistent tendency to behave In a cheerful, hopeful, enthusiastic way(Wayne &Doug, 2013). As a person, there has many personality fit on you, so we have been asking take the online personality test and analyze five factor (Extroversion, Neurotics, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness)in the score. Someone was extroversion, we can say that person is outgoing,scalable, friendly and assertive. This kind of person, they always go to party and they always can find friendly quickly. In the tests there has six branch of the extra RSI en d less,G regal soundness,Ease rotten sees,Ex. me NT-seeks Eng,actively level and cheerfulness. ), every branch has their own score and choose average of them to build your score for extroversion.My comment of extroversion s hows my score on extroversion is average, indicating I am neither a subdued loner nor a Jovial chatterbox. I enjoy time with others but also time alone. Some point I agree like I can find friend quickly and I Like spend some times Just for private or I have positive mood and feeling and I Like to try some crazy things but there has some point has a little bit different . Friendless†¦ 63, Your level of friendliness is average. They make friends quickly and it is easy for them to form close, intimate relationships.In the friendless, I think there has a little different from me. I can make friends quickly but I am not easy to close because when I started go to school, many people think I am cough girl, cool eyes, hot temper.. Before they make friend with me, they think am just Like Big Boss, always control other people and never smile but when they has chance to know me , they know I am person who are not like what am I look like. Even my best friend, she said she don't know how s he can make friend with me.But it Just like the comment saying, I can make friends quickly, I don't know why but when I talk to someone, they always think I am funny and they always has some same thought with me, so my mother never worry about my sociability. —–Assertiveness†¦ 28,Low corers tend not to talk much and let others control the activities of groups. Your level of assertiveness Is low. This one think It Is not me, totally not me As said before, I Like control and I always acting Like a big boss. In my circle of friends, I am just like leader or like their mom, take care everything and help everyone.So, I can say let others control is impossible in my life, if there has someone wants to control, I will show or acting I am the better that them and I can handle everything. Neurotics If talk about neurotics, some words we can associated are anxious, hostile, self- unconscious, Insecure and vulnerable. Those who score high In neurologist tend to overreact(Mor occo&Almeida,2004) and exhibit more impulsiveness and emotional instability than others(Weedier,2009). There has six part in Neurotics: Anxiety, Anger, Depression, Self-consciousness, Immoderation and Vulnerability.The comment I got said : amour score on Neurotics is average, indicating that your level of emotional reactivity is typical of the general population. Stressful and frustrating situations are somewhat upsetting to you, but you are generally able to get over eel angry when some unfair thing happened or something did not go my way, feel sad when some bad things happened and did not feel nervous in social occasions also can handle someone say some bad things about me, I am not fragile that can influenced by other people is Just like me.I did not find anything different in Neurotics, all I get is average, I am not strong enough but I am not weak. Openness to experience Curiosity, flexibility, vivid fantasy, imaginativeness, artistic sensitivity and unconventional attitudes(Wa yne &Doug, 2013) are another words which can describe money was openness. Elf people who are high in openness, they must be tolerant of ambiguity and have less need.They tend to think and act in individualistic and nonconforming ways. In this case, my score is 9 and it is low in the total score is 99,the comment they give to me is think in plain and simple terms, others describe me as down-to earth, practical, and conservative. In these six branch, there has some saying connecting with me such as medium range of imagination, no interest in arts, I can change arbitrary between psychological liberalism and conservatism as I think.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Problems Human Service Clients are facing Essay

Clients are rarely dealing with just one issue at a time. Individuals, groups, and communities are facing a wide range of problems. These problems could range from housing needs, food, mental illness, drug abuse, or family issues, which may be difficult to deal with on just one level. Those individuals or groups and the problems they are facing are the reason why professional Human Service Helpers are needed in the world. In this paper, I will be discussing some of the problems the clients face and what helping skills human service workers use to assist the client with dealing with those issues and acquiring a better quality of life. The developmental perspective, according to the text, is described as human development being a continuous process and that there are certain phases and stages that individuals experience during their life span. (Woodside & McClam 2012) Even though every human will go through the 8 stages of life which is Basic trust vs. Basic mistrust; autonomy vs. sham e and doubt; initiative vs. guilt; industry vs. inferiority; identity vs. role confusion; intimacy vs. isolation; generativity vs. stagnation and ego integrity vs. despair, we don’t experience any of these stages the same. Erikson’s stage model is one of the many perspectives on the developmental of humans. For example, the basic trust versus basic mistrust means humans learn at the infant stage to trust in an environment that consistently provides for their needs. If a child did not receive adequate care as a child, human development may be affected causing issues later on in the future. Developmental tasks are addressed within the individuals’ social context and the context may not support individual development. (Woodside & McClam 2012). Using a developmental model to view the clients’ problems may help give the human service helper with a basic understanding of the process of growth and change that individuals normally experience. Some clients deal with issues like losing a job, natural disasters, accidents and major changes in life are often viewed in the situational perspective. These are problems that  occur because a client is in a particular place at a particular time. An example of situational perspective is a client at a group home for women was raped by a co- worker and was experiencing issues with trusting people which caused her to have issues with going to work and her work performance. She was experiencing anxiety, anger and shame. She was referred to a legal team and different agencies that helped her deal with the situation and allowed her to take responsibility of the situation and change it. Differences in behavior, customs and traditions can be problems the clients deal with and can cause situational problems as well. Another situation that could create major problems for clients are unemployment, this situation could easily cause psychological and physiological issues as well. This situation can cause economic difficulties that the whole family may have to face as a whole. Professional helpers can identify a client’s problem by establishing whether the client’s needs are being met. This theory is called the Hierarchical perspective which was described by Abraham Maslow but later divided into two categories: (D) deficiency needs and (B) being needs. (Woodside & McClam 2012) This perspective states that if a person is not able to meet their needs such as food and shelter, they will not be able to focus on other needs such as self esteem and independence. With problems such as child abuse, neglect or removing a child from a home, many of their physical, safety and self esteem needs may not be met and they will need help with getting these needs met in order to restore them to a supportive healthy environment. When needs are met, concern shifts to higher-order needs such as self esteem, independence and self actualization. (Woodside & McClam 2012) Within the societal perspective, problems are experienced by clients as a result of changes in the society that has left the client in an unfamiliar situation. A major societal problem that clients are dealing with is homelessness. I have learned that communities are experiencing homelessness on all levels due to high unemployment rates, mental illness and company downsizing and merging responsibilities now. The mental illness concerns are not being attended to adequately which is causing a lot of people to not be able to hold jobs, advance in jobs, etc. Some clients may turn to criminal beha vior to make ends meet which causes other problems like clients ending up in the criminal justice system. Other clients who may experience societal changes are veterans who are mentally ill and children  who are not able to take care of themselves and are relying on other clients whose dealing with societal issues themselves. These children clients are at a higher risk for domestic abuse, living with family who are dealing with substance abuse or mental health issues such as depression or anxiety. The environmental influence perspective emphasizes the importance of an individual’s environment on the person’s history, living situation and current problems they are experiencing. (Woodside & McClam 2012) Understanding the influences of the environment to the client will definitely be helpful when it comes to helping the client identify their problem. The most immediate influence on an individual are family which include parents interactions coming up in life, age and gender of siblings, and whether or not a parent or guardian was absent from the clients life. The client’s neighborhood could be an influence as well. These influences can determine a person thought process and problem solving abilities throughout life. For example if a child lives in an environment where the parents abused drugs, participated in gangs and crime, then more than likely those influences are going to stay with that child and they will grow up thinking it’s the norm to engage in that behavior. Problems can be viewed in many different perspectives and the range of problems a client has can occur at different stages in a client’s life span. The ranges of problems faced by clients are vast and unique to each individual, therefore it is imperative for the human service worker to understand each client and how each perspective relates to the client. Clients become part of the human service delivery system because they are experiencing a range of problems that has affected their quality of life. In most cases, there is never just one problem the client is facing, therefor the human service worker should be skilled in communication, listening, and problem-solving skills as well as knowledge of human needs. References Woodside, M.R. & McClam, T. (2012). An Introduction to Human Services (7th ed).

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Executive Summary Franks Pizza Pan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Executive Summary Franks Pizza Pan - Essay Example The new MIS has the potential of solving the problem of market uncertainties where businesses are not aware of the exact locations of their markets. The executive summary is actually concise and accurate in content, but loses conciseness and accuracy in language use. This makes the summary not engaging as it is supposed to be. One factor that makes it lose engaging feature is vagueness. The author does not use exact business and technological terms required for a business plan. An example is â€Å"narrow down locations for business improvement† instead of â€Å"market segmentation and positioning.† As an executive officer reading this executive summary, I think I would take too much time to be convinced of the exact problem that the MIS intends to address and its benefits. Apart from these, the executive summary has covered all parts of sections of the assignment. I can only add that when you want to prepare a business plan, consider communicative terms suitable for the context, and not just passing

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Summary - Essay Example Department of Education, 2002). It's important, though, to realize that learning disabilities (LD) vary from person to person. One person with LD may not have the same kind of learning problems as another person with LD. One may have trouble with reading and writing. Another may have problems with understanding math. Still another person may have trouble in each of these areas, as well as with understanding what people are saying. The diagnosis of learning disabilities is often a sticky issue. Of particular concern are the various methods used to test children suspected of having a learning disability and the differing eligibility criteria that states apply to decide whether or not a child qualifies for special education and related services. A lot rides on those decisions. Depending on the diagnostic process used, the resulting picture may vary as to the child's abilities and difficulties. And based upon the picture that emerges of the child, decisions are made about the education and special assistance that the child will receive (or not) and the resources that the state will commit to provide the child with special education (or not). This article reviews the historical basis and rationale for identifying children as learning disabled on the basis of a discrepancy between scores on measures of intelligence and achievement.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Symbolism and Theme in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Research Paper

Symbolism and Theme in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily - Research Paper Example While containing southern gothic tendencies, the story is characteristic of Faulkner’s style in terms of theme and symbolism. This essay considers these symbolic and thematic elements in terms of Faulkner’s ‘A Rose for Emily’. Perhaps the most pervasive theme in ‘A Rose for Emily’ is the power and exploration of death. This is perhaps one of the most important elements in articulating the story as an element of southern gothic literature, and it gives the tale a sort of surreal touch. Faulkner begins the narrative in reverse, already stating that Emily Grierson, the main focus of the story is deceased. Faulkner writes, â€Å"When Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to the funeral† (Faulkner, web). While this is only a narrative element, it’s position as the first sentence of the story is notable as it sets the general thematic tone for the tale. While Emily’s death represents perhaps the most significant, it is only on e among many deaths in the story. In addition to Emily’s death the story also indicates that Emily’s father died. Faulkner advances the thematic power of death in this instance by demonstrating that it extremely impacted Emily’s existence. Faulkner writes, â€Å"When her father died, it got about that the house was all that was left to her; and in a way, people were glad. At last they could pity Miss Emily. Being left alone, and a pauper, she had become humanized† (Faulkner, web). Here, Faulkner is demonstrating that with Emily’s father’s death she began to live a solitary and confined existence. Emily’s reaction to her father’s death, namely the denial she faces, also demonstrates the thematic concern with the power of death. While actual death is a prominent theme, Faulkner also implements death imagery in advancing this theme; for instance, referring to Emily Faulkner writes, â€Å"Her skeleton was small and spare† (F aulkner, web). Here it’s clear that a gothic and macabre theme is being articulated. Another major thematic concern of the story is the nature of tradition vs. change. As Faulkner relays the story in a narrative that jumps a number of years, the structure presents particular insight into the nature of change and tradition. While tradition vs. change is articulated through a number of elements in the story, it is perhaps seen most clearly in terms of Emily herself. Faulkner even writes, â€Å"Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town† (Faulkner, web). While the story explores Emily’s life from a number of periods, she is always articulated as a sort of traditional aspect of the town, a sort of portal into the past. Even as Emily’s funeral occurs at the end of the story Faulkner links her to the older members of the community. He writes that they linked their lives in with Emily’s, †Å"?'...confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road, but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years† (Faulkner, web). While this is a masterful piece of writing, it also demonstrates Faulkner’s thematic linking with the traditional order. Faulkner explores the clash of the traditional and modern world perhaps most acutely when the city attempts to gain taxes from Emily. Emily had

Monday, August 26, 2019

Research design in psychology week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research design in psychology week 4 - Essay Example To narrow down my area of interest into a specific branch of criminology I have picked the topic of juvenile crime and delinquency which analyses the acts committed against the law by underage individuals. Qualitative research encompasses the study of a concept or phenomena that needs to be understood because little research has been done on it (Creswell, 2009). Theories aid this research simply because they enable a researcher to form a null hypothesis, which is either proved or disproved by the research carried out. Look at the example of the study conduced by Brian A. Jacob and Lars Lefgren (2003) that gathered through questionnaires and interviews data from various schools and 29 jurisdictions across the country to conclude that the level of property crime committed by juveniles decreases by 14 percent on days when school was in session, but the level of violent crime increases by 28 percent on days when it is not. Building on this study I would analyze the concept of crime based on the general theory of crime that revolves on individual self control. According to Akers and Sellers, 2004, the self control theory marks the difference between an individuals (regardless of age) tendency to either commit a crime or refrain from it. Therefore the connection between ‘criminality’, which is to offend, and ‘crime,’ that refers to actual law being broken, is that of available opportunities (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990). Since low self control develops early in an individual’s life and results in an increased possibility of crime to base this theory on a research that through direct observation and the use of questionnaires targets samples of school going children will be a practical undertaking. This is because its application will lead to findings that can help develop practices which will help improve self control and hence avoid the possibility of them taking part in future criminal activities. Similarly for a quantitative resea rch on criminology the aim is to base the investigation on methods such as inductive statistics, evidence-based comparisons, ratios, demographics, meta-analysis, computer-based models etc (Gail Cohen). In quantitative research, Creswell point out (2009, p. 49) researchers often test theories as an explanation for answers to their questions . For example Craig S. Schwalb (2007) conducted a quantitative longitudinal meta analysis judging the probability of repeated offences by juvenile offenders and found that there was a positive correlation between individuals who indulged in substance abuse, family problems and peer delinquency. Correlation is a popular technique in psychology, including personality (Dr. C. George Boeree). The personality theories take into consideration biology (neurology), evolution and genetics, sensation and perception, motivation and emotion, learning and memory, developmental psychology etc. Keeping in mind this theory the aspect of the probability of repeat offences can be facilitated by developing personality tests to measure the personality traits of juvenile criminals. For example by the use of say an IQ test we can measure the average intelligence of juvenile delinquents and identify key personality traits and then correlate these with frequency or intensity of criminal activities. This will induce a level of objectivity in our research as we would know exactly what personality

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Foodmaster case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foodmaster - Case Study Example The case study tries to analyze the issues faced by the company at the first instance. The company had experienced high growth in bossiness until 2007, when its sales has fallen from 60$ million to 48 million. Due to fall in sales, the profit of the company was also found to fall from 25$ million (2006) to 18 $ million (2007). The context of the case study will analyze the issues faced by the company after implicitly detailing about its internal and external business environment. In the latter half, the case study will enumerate some strategies and fallacies of marketing with the help of which the company would be able to overcome the challenges of its business and prosper amidst all competition in the long run. The Foodmaster Company was founded by a group of young businessmen in 1995. The company engages in providing dairy products and is based from Kazakhstan. Its founders critically analyzed that until 1995, diary product availability was limited in the country and products like yogurt was just not domestically produced in its market. In a country where dairy farming was traditionally and widely practiced, such scarcity of diary product production only signified that the segment was not exploited for commercial purpose. Hence, the inception of the company with dairy business was primarily undertaken to tap the unexploited dairy market in its domestic economy for the first instance. The company’s diary factor shop in the town of Issyk was the first yogurt producing factory of the country. Overtime, the company has significantly expanded its scale and scope of business operations. At present it owns 2 dairy farms, 4 factories and 16 retailing branches. It has now owned the prestig e of being the biggest dairy product producing company in Kazakhstan. The company produces a wide range of diversified dairy products to meet the requirements local demands of its domestic markets. Since 2004, the company has started to

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Expla.in what happens in each of the three stages of the birth Assignment

Expla.in what happens in each of the three stages of the birth process. Explain the changes which must occur for the baby to sur - Assignment Example BH contractions come at irregular intervals, with varying lengths and intensity; while early labor pains are regular, short, and mild like menstrual cramps. Another point of difference is that BH contractions stop with a change in position; while, early labor contractions do not vanish whatever position the woman tries. These contractions start when the cervix begins to dilate and efface. Labor officially starts with the effacement and dilatation of the cervix. Effacement refers to the thinning or ripening of the cervix; while dilatation refers to opening of the cervix to the birth canal. Early labor may long several hours, and thus, there is no need to rush to the hospital, as these pains can be taken at home more comfortably. The woman reaches the end of early labor when the contractions become closer and longer, like when they are five minutes apart and are of about one minute duration. Bloody show/discharge of mucous plug may also be seen. The cervix should be dilated 4 cm at the end of early labor. 2.2. Active Labor In active labor, contractions become more regular, and become closer, longer, and intense. The cervix dilates more progressively until it reaches 10 cm. Complete dilatation is the transition phase. The baby starts descending in the pelvis. The doctor will now break the amniotic sac if it has not yet broken. For first time moms, active labor may be several hours longer; while, for experienced moms, active labor may be much quicker, ending in an hour or even in some minutes. Women may also go for epidural which is given in active labor, to diminish the pain. Natural remedies for pain management include breathing deeply and some other relaxation techniques taught in childbirth classes. It is better to lie on left side to ensure proper blood circulation to the baby. 3. Stage Two Stage two starts when the transition has occurred; the baby is in the pelvis; and, the mother is feeling the urge to push the baby. That is why this stage is also known as pushing. The contractions may now seem easier to cope, as the pushing sensation is different from the pain of contractions in the active labor. During this stage, the contractions of the uterus apply pressure on the baby, due to which it moves down into the pelvis or the birth canal. The woman may be told to start pushing with every contraction, if she does not feel the urge itself. The baby’s head will start showing. The pressure of the baby’s head is hard on the perineum, so the doctor will have to incise the perineum to escape a natural cut. Perineum is the space between the vagina and the rectum. When the head emerges, the doctor looks for the umbilical cord, and cuts it if it is wrapped around the neck. The baby turns sideways so as to come out easily. Another contraction will move the whole baby out, followed by bloody discharge. The umbilical cord is clamped. Once out, the baby’s mouth and nose are checked for mucous through suction. The mother takes a si gh of relief because the contractions end, taking away all the pain. The second stage of labor is quicker for mothers who have had vaginal deliveries before. 4. Stage Three Stage 3 is the delivery of the placenta, which occurs some minutes after the birth of the baby. This happens with some uterine contractions, which are

Friday, August 23, 2019

The Significance of Womens Organizations Group Activities in Essay

The Significance of Womens Organizations Group Activities in Relationship to Their Opposition to the War in Vietnam - Essay Example As well women worked in the war as journalists, flight attendants, and in various church and humanitarian organizations, and the significance of these activities in relationship to the women's opposition and reaction to the war in Vietnam is an issue which is of incredible importance. The aim of this paper is to not only discuss the different organizations and group activities that women were involved in during the Vietnam War but as well the significance of their participation with them overall considering how against the war most women actually were. By doing this, we will be able to come to a much more informed and knowledgeable understanding on the subject matter at hand overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The history of women and war is one which has basically been forgotten in comparison to that of man's, however it is important to realize that women have actually always played a part, and in fact, "Between 1962 and 1973, according to Department of Defense statistics, approximately 7,500 women served on active military duty in Vietnam. The Veteran's Administration puts the numbers even higher, at around 11,000. Independent surveys estimate that the number of women, both civilian and non-civilian, working in Vietnam during the war is between 33,000 and 55,000" (Carlson, 2007). However, despite these incredibly large and notable numbers of women in the military, they have had a long and hard road in regards to gaining even remote equality. One of the most notorious organizations that women worked for during the Vietnam War was the Red Cross Organization, and the Red Cross basically maintained three particular and different programs during the Vietnam conflict which were: Service to Military Hospitals (SMH), Service to Military Institutions (SMI), and Supplemental Recreation Activities Overseas (SRAO). "SMH provided recreational and casework services to service personnel who were hospitalized and casework services for service personnel who were employed in military hospitals. Women employed in SMI provided primarily clerical services with some individual assistance for obtaining loans if personnel had to return home for a family emergency. SMH and SMI functioned both in the United States and in foreign countries and both in peace and in war. The Red Cross program which was eventually entitled Supplemental Recreation Activities Overseas (SRAO) originated in World War II specifically to employ civilian women who wished t o make a contribution to the country during periods of war" (Firestone & Robinson, 1996). When it comes to the issue of the reaction that was felt by women towards the Vietnam War, there are many issues that need to be taken into consideration here as well. In comparison to the percentage of men against the Vietnam War, there were almost double the amount of women who felt negatively towards it, however at the same time the war presented many opportunities for women, and so while they still felt disapprovingly towards the war, there were still then obviously reasons that they also were rather positive towards it, as they were benefitting in different

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Pest Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pest Analysis Essay The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an updated version of the PEST framework. STEER analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. Contents * 1 History * 2 Overview * 3 References * 4 External links History According to the site RapidBI The term PEST was originally called the ETPS and was quoted in Aguilar, Francis (1967). Scanning the Business Environment. New York: Macmillan.. , who discusses ‘ETPS’ a mnemonic for the four sectors of what he calls his taxonomy of the business environment: Economic, Technical, Political, and Social. Sometime after this initial publication, Arnold Brown for the Institute of Life Insurance reorganized it as ‘STEP’ as a way to organise the results of his environmental scanning. Over time by academics and others in business it was modified yet again to become a so-called STEPE analysis (the Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological taxonomies). In the 1980s, several other authors including Fahey, Narayanan, Morrison, Renfro, Boucher, Mecca and Porter included variations of the taxonomy classifications in a variety of orders: Due to the negative connotations of PEST, a STEP analysis (re-ordering of the acronym letters) also exists, but is used to a lesser extent. Some academics claim that STEP or PEST still contain headings which are appropriate for all situations and do not require additional elements, other claim that the additional breakdown of some factors to help individuals and teams undertaking an environmental scan. Political factors include areas such as tax policy, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs and political stability. * Economic factors are economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate. Social factors often look at the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. * Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects and can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Technological factors look at elements such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. The pest  factors combined with external microenvironmental factors can be classified as opportunities and threats in a SWOT analysis. PEST/PESTLE alongside SWOT and SLEPT can be used as a basis for the analysis of business and environmental factors. [2] References Aguilar, Francis (2006). Scanning the Business Environment. New York: Macmillan..

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Auditory system and optical system Essay Example for Free

Auditory system and optical system Essay Two of the most important sensory systems in human body are optical system and auditory system. Optical system or sometime called visual system involved in the process of taken amount of stimuli and transfer it into some figure that we can perceive as images that make senses. Auditory systems involved in sound wave that transduced by drum ear into some kind of vibration that eventually gets converted back into wave what we perceive as noise. There are a lot of similarities in their mechanisms of how they gather, carry and prepare those informations from sensory neurons. However, there are also a lots of differences on how each system operated and where does it takes information into difference area of the brain. For both systems, optical and auditory, the information comes from our environment in many forms. For example, optical system detected all still images and image in motion as far as human eyes can see. The auditory is ready to absorb any noise or sound for twenty-four hours a day. Their structures and mechanisms are similar in a way they gather information, prepare and perceive those information into something that make sense in our brain. After the sensory neurons carry information into specific system each detect, transduce and coding those information before they being send to central system, the brain. Both systems have similar structure that transmit those information to the final destination, the brain. Even though, both system basic the same. Each system perceive those information that perceive from sensory neuron in totally different way. For instance, optical system receive visible spectrum of wave of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency of wave created color and distinguish brightness by amplitude. In auditory system, the frequency of wave created tone ( pitch) and loudness by amplitude. For the optical system, the cornea gather light rays that pass into inferior of the eyes. The information such as lights brightness, hue/color or motion are translate into coded neural impulse. The codes then carried by optic nerves to the brain. However, the information from one side are send to the opposite side of hemisphere but stimuli go to the same side hemisphere. The optical information are stored in occipital lobes where it was process and try to make sense of those information base on experience and individual perception. For the auditory system, the sounds wave goes through the ear canal and hit the ear drum. They activate the the drum and the information being send through the fluid as a result it bents the hair cell in the cochlea and the information then translate into neural impulse. The intensity of sound waves determine by how many hair cell are fire as well as how frequently they fire. The auditory information then carried by auditory nerve from one side of the ear are sent to the opposite hemisphere. The auditory information are stored in temporal lobes where it was process and try to make sense of those information base on past experience and pattern. In conclusion, the optical and auditory systems have basically the same structure and mechanism but they both different in how they gathering, preparing, detecting, and translating those information. Each system are unique and unbelievably complex structure that we need to learn more.

Business plan for Chinese and Korean food restaurant

Business plan for Chinese and Korean food restaurant 1.0 INTRODUCTION Our shop name Secret Restaurant, we try to mix the Korean food and Chinese food to serve public. The Korean mix Chinese cuisine restaurant is a new idea and concept in Ipoh and not many of these similar kinds has appeared in around Ipoh. So it is new idea and choices that we entrepreneur create and invent so that the publics in Ipoh could enjoyed more choices of food rather than sticking to the old and boring cuisine each and every day. Our mission for this restaurant is to serve better food and cuisine for consumer so that they could enjoy more delicious food. In addition, the consumer could absorb and understand more on the Korean life and cuisine more closely rather than sticking in front of television watching for advertisement. We could know their lifestyle and daily cuisine as well by consuming their favorites food that could be found in our restaurant. So for the vision for our restaurant would be becoming the most successful restaurant inside Ipoh Parade and hopefully, in Ipoh area as well. To wins publics heart in food industry and established as a well known and popular restaurant. Targeting to widen our area by creating our restaurant branches in around Ipoh, as well as Malaysia in the future. 2.0 Body 2.1 THREE TYPES OF SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE SME 1. 222 Restaurants No.222, Restaurant Triple Two, Jalan Pasir Puteh, 31650 Ipoh, Perak. Entrepreneur: Lee Chee Keong There are many difficulties in running a business and there are some of them mentioned by Mr. Lee. Location Mr. Lee tell us, location are a important element for his business, good location can attractive more customer and bring more profit therefore, if choosing a wrong location can make company losing profit and facing failure. Location Mr. Lee choosing is a flourishing place, there have a lot office and factory nearly by shop Mr. Lee. Main customers of Mr. Lee are workers and citizen pasir puteh. Location of Mr. Lee also bring some disadvantage for him too, because the place did not have enough parking place to the customer, sometime because customer cant parking will chose other coffee shop, this element make Mr. Lee lose a lot profit and still cant solve this problem. Timing Mr. Lee tell us, timing element also can make u earn a lot profit, coffee shop Mr. Lee open shop time is morning 6am and closing shop is night 5pm. But he tell us not all the time have customer visit he shop. Just at morning 6am till 8am and afternoon 1pm till 3pm can let him earn more profit, but in the less time he even has the several customer visit he shop. He told us if want open the coffee shop must research the environment in there place first. Timing plays an important role in the business. Tea maker skills and service Tea maker plays an important role in the coffee shop, if tea maker cant make good drink or coffee to the customer, coffee shop Mr. Lee will cant attract the customer coming consume in his coffee shop. Mr. Lee tells us recruitment the good tea maker, salary will higher too. Some time Mr. Lee he no able to recruit more good tea maker again, because this will increase the cost of coffee shop. And he tell us, customer like a good service in the coffee shop, customer dont like employees coffee shop no manner and speak rude. Especially is banker official and female customer. Coffee shop has to keep cleaning, this can let customer feel more comfortable and satisfy. Employees problem / Turn Over Employees problem make Mr. Lee difficult to running his business, because he shop just got 4 part timer waiter and 1 tea maker. Reason Mr. Lee recruitment part timer waiter because can save cost and flexibility control by Mr. Lee. But also of this reason, turnover of coffee shop is higher, part timers of coffee shop always change and Mr. Lee also more difficult to control part timer attitude. And because the higher salary of tea maker, Mr. Lee just can recruit 1 tea maker only, if the tea maker takes sick leave or emergency leave, Mr. Lee will be tea maker by own self. Competitor Mr. Lee have to facing many competitor in the place, in area of jalan pasir puteh except Mr. Lee coffee shop still have 3 coffee shop over there, so Mr. Lee has to provide more good service and delicious food or drink to customer. Competitor of Mr. Lee can let Mr. Lee pressure at all time. SME 2,Onix Jun Sdn.Bhd (Korean restaurant in Ipoh Garden East) 31, Jalan Medan Ipoh 4, Bandar Baru Medan Ipoh, 31400 Ipoh Perak. Manager: Kang Sang Jun There are many difficulties in running a business and there are some of them mentioned by Mr. Kang. High season and Low season Over the year, there are high seasons as well as low seasons since there are many festivals or celebrations to be celebrated such as Chinese New Year, Christmas and etc. And in Malaysia, there are more of celebrations as, Malaysia is a multi-national country. Therefore, not only in Onix Jun but in other restaurants, it would be crowded with customers during the high seasons, which would bring double of the profits compared to normal days. However, during the low season, which the days like ghost festival and etc could be included, people would rather stay at home and cook for themselves instead of coming out to dine. Therefore, proper preparation is required everyday, either during high seasons or low seasons. High turnover of workers Workers are one of the major resources required in running a restaurant. They are basically the face of the restaurant since they are the ones who actually serve, not the chef. However, there are difficulties in this point as well. As the workers are not permanent, there are quite a number of high turnover. I mean, if there are permanent workers in the restaurant, there wouldnt be a problem and no worries about the turnover however, before to have a permanent worker, there are non-permanent workers, as the owner of the restaurant can choose from the non-permanent workers to be one of the permanent workers once the workers desire to stay and work. Such cases as the non-permanent workers like part-timers, they work hard for a month and once they are quite used to working in the restaurant they choose not to work any longer. This is one of the common cases that Onix Jun faces. And to overcome this kind of turnover problem, they came out with an early informing system for the part-timers , to inform the owner before 10 days of quitting so that the owner would still have 10 days to look for someone to replace the worker or to take any action. Customer Complaint Customers are the most important people playing a role in a restaurant of course, there are chefs and waiters and etc playing important roles however, customers bring profit. Sometimes customers do complaint since everyone cannot have the same taste buds or perceptions. In Onix Jun, there are complaints such as comparing. According to Mr. Kang, there are some customers comparing the Korean food with others, such as local, Chinese or even Japanese food. It is quite awkward to compare the food from other country with the others. However to overcome this problem, it is best to convince the customers in a polite way so that they can accept the fact and understand the food and the culture. And also there are complaints such as the taste is different and etc. Some customers who went to Korea for vacation, they seek for the same taste as they tasted in Korea, as mentioned, convincing is the best choice here as well. To tell them that the taste cannot be the same as everyone since people do have different ways to cook even if the final result would be the same. Or to make it as similar as possible as the customer want. Supplier As the last point of the difficulties in running a restaurant, relationships with the suppliers either they supply ingredients or maintenance work or what so ever, the relationship with them is very important as the restaurant need them. It is a problem and there is the delays of any arrival of goods from the supplier, since the work cannot be proceed with the specific good. In order to prevent this, the restaurant should order or tell the supplier what they want earlier like a week before, so that they have enough time to prepare and deliver it in time. When it comes to stocks for the supplier, stocks dont last for good, therefore there are times when the suppliers do run out of goods that the restaurant wants. In case of this, the supplier could tell the restaurant earlier so that the restaurant can take action for that, either to buy it from somewhere else or to replace it with another one. SME 3. NG YOKE YING Stall No.25, Medan Selera Dato Sagor, Jln Dato Sagor 30000 Ipoh Perak I have made an interview to an entrepreneur and owner of a hawker stall, her name is Ng Yoke Ying, she is 53 years old. Her stall is located right behind the City Hall of Ipoh where it also in the middle of the town area. Its a food court that also consist many other stalls and the competition there is strictly tough. She traded is foods and drinks where there is few other stall that trade the same elements. She has the experience of working for the past 10 years. I had used the political, economical, sociological, technological, legal and environmental interview method to interview her and in those methods above I found out that not all the forms could be linked directly to her business. So I would just add in some other elements in the interview. OVERVIEW In this overview, it is an individual ownership. It just that would be her major boasts that wherever there is to be political meetings and gatherings that would attract many publics to that area. Peoples would have their breakfast and lunch at her premise because it would be the nearest the public could obtain foods. Most of the people there enjoyed consuming their meal at the Medan Selera there as there could find variety of foods from different races and specialty. TIMING So in economic view, she runs her business regularly from 5am in the morning till 4pm in the afternoon. She would only off for once a month where the MBI (Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh) the IPOH municipal would have their cleaning process. Her business there faces a tough competition from the other premises as it is a free seating food court where the publics are free to look for their seating. PUBLIC RELATIONS She had a very good relationship with the customers who consume her food and drinks there so that she could remain the long term relations that would attract the public to attend continuously. Discount would be offered to the regular customers because it will create close and caring relations in between. This is important for her to maintain great competitive advantages against the other premises. TOOLS AND APPLIANCES The tool and appliances that requires at her stall are all small and simple. It does not require any big and large and highly technological appliances. It is different with any other large and big premises that requires more appliances as their business area whose wider. She requires a fridge, baked and toast baker, juice maker and an ice blender machine. Its all needed for the serving of juices drinks and to serve toast bread for breakfast from the baker. It all she needed to runs her business there and it simple and easy to handle. LEGAL She obtain her license from the MBI (Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh) which the Ipoh municipal council to own the premises at the Dato Sagor food court. She has to pay rent for the premises once a month in which it only cost for RM100 per month. She is to obtain her SSM license which is the license for the entrepreneur to run business. She did obtain the HALAL license mark because the Medan Selera Dato Sagor is a place which requires non pork and HALAL food only because the popularity for publics there dominated by 90% of Malays and 5% for Chinese and the other 5% for Indians. It is important to gain trust and confidence from the Malays community because it is the community who often visited and it is their main place to enjoyed their meal. ENVIRONMENT The environment for the Medan Selera Dato Sagor there is an excellent and attracting spot for business because it is located in the middle of the town, and it is surrounded by Offices Company, police station, Pos station, railway station, high court, banks, government building and schools. The hottest hour for the active area is from 8am till to the 2pm where breakfast and lunch time takes place. The environment there is absolutely healthy which it is free from any pollutions and disturbance. It is a comfortable area for meals and resting. The garbage side there is being cleaned up each and every day to create a good looking and build confidence and comfortable environment among publics. COMPETITOR There is other premises that trade in the same elements in which is the same with Mrs. Ng stall. There is a free trade area in which others premises are free to trade in any food variety as long as it is HALAL. Alertness and good relations are needed and it would be the compulsory element in order to survive in the food court area. Regular customer in which always turns up to Mrs. Ng stall would be treated more please in order to kept them keep turns up to her stall frequently. New customer who turns up would find it difficult to choose whether which stall to turns up so for early steps Mrs. Ng would herself introduces her stall and lead them towards to gain business. 2.2 Overcome We will open a restaurant in location shopping centre Ipoh Parade. The total of the capital is RM 150,000 then RM 100,000 has given by family and RM 50,000 has given by own. We will serve the Korean and Chinese food. And reason we open the restaurant in shopping centre because it is the place where people frequently visit in Ipoh area, which we could find the hyper mall would be Kinta City/Aeon, Ipoh Parade, Tesco and Tesco Extra. We obtain license from the MBI (Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh) the municipal council of Ipoh and also from the SSM (Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia). This 2 main license must be obtained for newly register entrepreneur before starting their business. In addition, in Ipoh Parade there is no Korean Restaurant yet to be found and it would be a great market to invest in. The reason we do not pick Jaya Jusco is because the rent there is much higher and expensive than Ipoh Parade. The competitor that we could find in Ipoh Parade would be only Sushi King as its would be nearest and more related to Korean Food. So the opening of our Korean Restaurant would attract more and provide more choices to the publics and it will become as attraction to the Ipoh Parade itself. For market itself, we target teenagers and adults because they got the ability to spend on the elements they like and enjoy especially food. For employees, we would hire a chef from Korean and also few chefs from our local who master in Korean food as well as Chinese food. For normal employee like waiter and waitress, we manage those by our ownself for the few starting period until it become population among peoples and financially strong and stable, then only we recruit more employees. In order to attract more customers, we will held some promotions and advertisements so that public could know about our grand opening. On the opening day, we will be giving our voucher and coupon to the customers, offering memberships, and introducing our restaurant packages. We will seek supplier from the local area as it would be more easy and sufficient to our premises and the choice would be Tesco Extra. It is a large industry and trusted among any others in Malaysia. Our vegetables would be delivered straight from the Cameron Highlands because the freshness of the vegetables from there would be guaranteed fresh. For the tools, equipments and furniture, we seek supplier from the local area as well because it well obtain and gain. We will seek opinions from others about the supplier in which is trusted and popular among new entrepreneur. We will seek for materials shop, furniture shop and as well as recruiting designer to decorate and furnish our restaurant so that it is comfortable to attended. Expected Balance Sheet Fixed Assert Furniture Fittings 6000.00 Tools and Equipments 4000.00 Electrical Equipment 3000.00 Computer 1500.00 14,500.00 Current Assert Bank 5000.00 Cash in Hand 1000.00 Deposit 1750.00 - 7750.00 - Current Liabilities Trade Creditor 9000.00 - 9000.00 Net Current Asserts ( 1250.00 ) 13250.00 =============== Financed By Capital Capital 150,000.00 Profit Loss Account ( 136,750.00 ) 13250.00 =================== 3.0 CONCLUSION For our expected balance sheet, we can know we can earn profit more than RM 10,000 per month, we will planning again and try extend our business in future. If the profit mention by us is correct, in future we can recruitment more employees and upgrade the shop. We also trying achieve our mission and vision, and create more creative idea and attractive promotion. So for an entrepreneur like us, we tend to create with more ideas and outcome so that our premises could established tough and strongly. We be targeting in the future to opens up more branches all around our country. Our motto is Serve Well and Enjoyed Well.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Essay --

Racism In A Worn Path And Desiree's Baby In both of the stories A Worn Path by Eudora Welty, and Desiree‘s Baby by Kate Chopin. The encounters of Phoenix and Desiree show two different readings that deal with a common theme of impending the black and white racial issue in America. There are lots of references to racism in both of the readings. Throughout the short story A Worn Path, there are many events related to racism when Phoenix walking along an extremely difficult path to the town and get the medicine for her grandson. The first event is that when she meets the white hunter. First he appears as a kind and a friendly person , he suggested Phoenix to return home , however , she refused the hunter 's suggestion , because she is on a mature and important mission of love. Then the hunter made a racist joke to Phoenix, "I know you colored people! Wouldn't miss going to town to see Santa Claus!" Second event is that when Phoenix entered clinic, she has been treated unfairly because she is black. "A charity case, I suppose," said an attendant who sat at the desk before her."(Welty70) ,"" Are you deaf?" cried the attendant."(Welty 75). The attendant rudely asked whether she is deaf because she didn't answer her questions immediately and Phoenix referred as a charity case .Phoenix performed a great sacrifice for her gran dson, but the attendant 's behavior shows she is childish. Phoenix Jackson accepted the harsh circumstances of her life and moves on. The racism feature is the main theme in the short reading " Desiree's Baby. There are racism events happens when throughout the story. Desiree's Baby took place when racism was way too prevalent. After Desiree married to Armand , they birthed a baby. When the child grows, the ski... ...t not judge the people by looking at their races, like the old says" don't judge a book by its cover. In the reading, the pride of Armand was greater than the love for his wife and their baby, which destroyed Desiree and their baby's life and led to a sad ending. In Welty 's short story "A Worn Path", Phoenix is an old black woman who has no education after Phoenix was freed from slavery, and the racism was still way too prevalent after the Civil War. Her pride of love that she wants to get the medicine for her grandson and go through the woods no matter how difficult was it and no matter how unfair the society is ,there is nothing can able to stop her way. In both stories Desiree's baby and A Worn Path showed a great representation to the readers about the struggles of racial issues in South U.S and people went through. The world has changed when time moves on.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Comparing Themes in Charlotte and Ruth Hall Essay -- compare and contra

Sentimental or Social Themes in Charlotte and Ruth Hall The subject matter of early American women writers has been criticized in the past, but the messages these authors sent women and society cannot be denied. Susanna Rowson and Fanny Fern came from two different time periods in American history, but their impact on society is similar. In both cases, the women experienced great success as writers during their time. Their popularity shows how their messages were transferred to many people of their time. By exploring the themes of these novels, a better understanding of females in society can be gained. The themes of womanhood and the issues associated with being female in early America will be detailed through specific problems. The concerns that are revealed in Charlotte: A Tale of Truth and Ruth Hall will deal with some universal issues like control, reason, emotion, reality, and the individual’s role in those areas. Womanhood is defined in different ways in Charlotte and Ruth Hall. Charlotte Temple and Ruth Hall were both vulnerable women in their respective ages. What is interesting is how each woman deals with her circumstances. Charlotte depends on the help of those around her; Ruth realizes those closest to her will not help. Ruth must fin for herself in order to survive; Charlotte does not survive! Does she not know how? With Charlotte, this question is relevant. She was young and accustomed to the care of others. Being alone in a new world was overwhelming to Charlotte morally. Yet, she ultimately chooses passion over principle, which is her ultimate flaw as a woman. This leads to a series of events ending in her death. Womanhood, especially in Susanna Rowson’s historical era, was something virtuous. However, Cha... ...eties were quick to dismiss feminine strength, but the power of their written words cannot be denied. Works Cited Davidson, Cathy N. "Sentimental Novel." The Oxford Companion to Women’s Writing in the United States. Eds. Cathy N. Davidson and Linda Wagner-Martin. NY: Oxford UP, 1985. "Fanny Fern." . 11 November 2000. Fergenson, Loraine. "Susanna Haswell Rowson (1762-1824)." . 10 November 2000. Fern, Fanny. Ruth Hall. Ed. Joyce W. Warren. London: Rutgers UP, 1994. O’Higgins, Harvey. The American Mind in Action. NY: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1924. Rowson, Susanna. Charlotte: A Tale of Truth. 1791. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1999. 372-407. Warren, Joyce W. "Fanny Fern." The Oxford Companion to Women’s Writing in the United States. Eds. Cathy N. Davidson and Linda Wagner-Martin. NY: Oxford UP, 1985.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Life Without N Sync - A Satirical Essay :: essays research papers

Life without N’Sync: A soon-to-be reality, or a teenaged girl’s worst nightmare? I would hate to even suggest that we might soon exist in a world without N’Sync. Their songs inspire us, as well as being very morally sound. Their creative and innovative fashions and tunes gives us the much needed variety that keeps us interested about the next aptly-titled CD they put out. They are great role models for every aspiring ‘teen dream’, and give teenaged boys something to aspire to. N’Sync is a positive contributor to our society. N’Sync’s writers have written some very memorable songs in the past, including ‘Digital Getdown’ and ‘That’s When I’ll Stop Loving You’. These songs are filled with inspiring lyrics such as, â€Å"Don’t wanna be the reason for your love no more† and â€Å"Baby, baby get nasty, nasty and we can get freaky deaky.† These lyrics teach the 8 year old fans just what girls are good for, and make them feel loved and respected; at the same time they teaching them some interesting vocabulary that they can use in everyday life. I like the consistency of the song titles, because consistency is very important. A large portion of their titles include the word ‘you’, or ‘me’, which definitely showcases their creativity. The fact that they let talented musicians do the instrumental sections proves that they care about how their music sounds. N’Sync’s songs are a positive influence on to day’s youth. It’s a definite relief to know that Justin Timberlake is having a good hair day, and that Chris Kirkpatrick had a good photo shoot. I am glad to know that their latest CD has gone multi-platinum and they have made lots of money, because their happiness is very important to me. One can never get tired of their adorable puppy-dog faces and their cute plays on words that have been carefully scripted. Their intelligence, ingenuity and creativity has led me to believe that they are very positive role models for their fans, and they are who every teenaged boy should strive to be. The things I like most about N’Sync are the fact that they went from having no talent and no money to having no talent and lots of money. It’s good that magazine publishers have made entire series of magazines all about them. I enjoy reading the countless articles and interviews about them, because I say â€Å"The more, the better!!† Without N’Sync, many teenaged girls wouldn’t have music to listen to, or any pictures to put on their walls.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Liberty Bell

Sound of the Freedom- The Liberty Bell Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Meaning can be found even in the most mundane of objects. For instance, consider the USA First Class stamp. On its upper left corner, the number 2008 shows that this stamp was produced in year 2008. The right side of the stamp says â€Å"USA FIRST-CLASSS FOREVER†, meaning that this postage stamp is valid for First-Class postage in the United States no matter when it is used.There is an extraordinary metal bell is in the middle of the stamp – the Liberty Bell, a venerable historic relic that I am going to analyze in the rest of this research paper. The bell was first known by the world as a metal musical instrument in ancient China. Tuned bells in that age were created and played to be performed only for imperial families and noblemen, as a symbol of power and status. Later on, bells became widely used in different religions. For example, bells played an importa nt role in the Eastern world of Buddhism and Hinduism as temple bells.In western world, bells were commonly used as church bells or town bells for gathering people together. In 1752, the Quaker William Penn, legislator and founder of the Pennsylvania colony in 1682, had decided and commissioned the bell to be cast in London, and brought to North America to hang in the State House of the colony of Pennsylvania. â€Å"They had ordered very precisely that these prophetic words from the Old Testament be cast on the bell: ‘Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof. ’ † Obviously, the Liberty Bell represents the important value of liberty and freedom in Pennsylvania colony.Charlene Mires, the associate professor of history of Villanova University, thinks adults viewed the Liberty Bell as an object lesson – â€Å"a means for securing the nation’s future, children could experience it as enormous fun. But the lesson was not j ust the bell was more than an inanimate object. † There are many famous and great bells around the world: for instance, the Mingun Bell in north of Mandalay, Burma, the Largest ringing bell in the world; Tsar Kolokol III Bell, located in Moscow; the Big Ben in London and so on. Even though the Liberty Bell wasn’t the largest, eaviest, or most beautiful bell among these famous bells around the world, perhaps no other bell in the world has ever played a greater historic role than this cracked liberty bell. 2. The Liberty Bell as a symbol of the Declaration of Independence. The Liberty Bell is one of the most significant symbols throughout American history. Even through it is now one of the world’s great icons of freedom, the Liberty Bell wasn’t always so symbolic. At the beginning, the bell was only used to call the Pennsylvania assembly to meetings, just like a normal town bell.Many people think the story of the liberty bell started with it ringing to annou nce the Declaration of Independence on Fourth of July; however, the truth is, the bell did not ring until the eighth of July, the day when they called Philadelphians together for the first public reading of Declaration of Independence by Colonel John Nixon. The Declaration of Independence was an announcement that the thirteen American Colonies were at war with Great Britain as independent states and no longer a part of British Empire.The Declaration states, â€Å"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † I have found that there is much knowledge to be learned from the Declaration of Independence.It taught me think that all men are created equal, and all men have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that was given by God. The Declaration of Independence shows that American people have suffered too much from the British Empire, and the American people do not want slavery, but liberty. It is for that reason that they rang the Liberty Bell on July 4th 1776. Many people may have noticed that the huge crack on the Liberty Bell. Because of it, this two-thousand-pound mass of unstable metal nearly ended up being garbage.There are various storys about how the bell was cracked. For instance, an eighty-six-year-old man told the New-York Times in 1911 that he cracked the bell in 1835 – he would have been 10 years old at that time! Among the numerous versions of the tales of the cracking bell, the most reputable and famous account is that the bell cracked when Philadelphia’s city government rung the bell on Washington’s Birthday in 1843. Luckily, instead of being forg otten and abandoned by the world because the loss of its voice, the liberty bell gradually became a priceless and great national treasure. . Liberty Bell travels around the United States between 1885-1915. After the Liberty Bell was no longer used as working bell, especially in the years after the Civil War, it started its patriotic trips that involved itself in many obscure events in American history. It traveled by rail car around the United States, and was also placed on exhibit at numerous World’s Fairs. From 1885 to 1915, the Liberty Bell traveled by rail on seven separate trips to eight different World’s Fair exhibitions, visiting nearly 400 cities and towns on those trips from coast to coast.Here are some of the major cities and events that the Liberty Bell has traveled to. Year| Major Events and Places| 1885| To New Orleans for the World’s Industrial and Exposition. | 1893| To Chicago for the World/s Columbian Exposition. | 1895| To Atlanta for the Cotto n States and International Exposition. | 1902| To Charleston for the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition| 1903| To Boston for the Bunker Hill Monument anniversary. | 1905| To St. Louis for the Louisiana Purchase International Exposition| 1915| To San Francisco for the Panama-Pacific Exposition. Are you wondering how large the influence of the Liberty Bell is? This was how New York Times reported the New-Orleans Exposition before Liberty Bell went to New-Orleans on December 17, 1884: â€Å"This has been a day of nerveless reaction after the great strain of opening day, there were but very few visitors to the grounds, not a thousand. † Everything was changed after the Liberty Bell came to the New-Orleans Exposition. January 26th, 1885, was a great day for the New-Orleans World’s Industrial and Cotton Exposition, and for New Orleans citizens.Because â€Å"extensive preparations had been made for the reception of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia,† the New York Times proudly announced their venerable guest on Jan 27, 1885. Large numbers of citizens of New Orleans and Philadelphia met the Liberty Bell train at that point, surging forward to touch and kiss the bell. Salutes were fired, whistles blown, and flags were displayed on the exhibit with patriotic music. After the Liberty Bell was installed, it attracted visitors’ attention for nearly five months, achieving an iconic status.Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. On the last of its seven trips, the Liberty Bell was moved to the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, 1915, when the world had just been set afire by World War I. Nevertheless, the horrible World War I did not affect the enthusiasm of Californian people wanting to see the Liberty Bell.In fact, when the organizers of Panama-Pacific Internatio nal Exposition asked Philadelphia city officials to send the Liberty Bell to the Exposition, the city officials denied the request because they were afraid the big crack on the Bell would get larger during its travels and eventually the Bell would fall apart. However, the Philadelphians changed their mind after two hundred thousand Californian schoolchildren signed petitions begging Philadelphia to send the bell. A journalist in San Diego said that â€Å"there is not a single person in any state of the union who does not feel a personal interest in the bell. After the Panama-Pacific International Exposition ended at December 4th 1915, the exposition officials returned the bell and wrote, â€Å"You will be pleased to know that while the Liberty Bell was here in San Francisco, eight million people came to see it! † Even nowadays, several millions people visit the Independence Hall each year, pondering the meaning of the Liberty Bell. Figure 3 Route from home to San Francisco ( right end is Philadelphia, San Francisco at the left end)Even though some people think that other symbols such as the American flag, the Statue of Liberty, and the Uncle Sam draw more attention than Liberty Bell, the Liberty Bell still played a huge important role in the construction of American nationalism. During this travel to world’s fairs and exhibitions, â€Å"the Liberty Bell joined the array of American symbols that excited patriotic enthusiasm during this period in United States history, a time marked by regional reconciliation, high immigration, economic transition, and imperial expansion. â€Å"In its travels, the Liberty Bell did not lose its identity as a historic relic. Actually, the Liberty Bell became something more. † Instead of Philadelphians and other visitors going to Independence Hall in Philadelphia to experience the Liberty Bell, other Americans can also see the Bell at the center of lively hometown festivities. The trips of the Liberty Bell gav e wide public attention to each city and town where the liberty train stopped, so civilians were well prepared to welcome their historic guest.People brought their children from miles away to see the Liberty Bell, to hear its patriotic tunes, to reach out and touch it, and to stage ceremonies in the hopes that their children would long remember its national glory. Because of these travels, Americans beyond Philadelphia had a chance to enhance the relic’s reputation. Postage stamps are not just small pieces of paper. Their pictures are not chosen randomly, they are chosen to present certain thoughts or feelings that a nation wants to project to people. I believe there are reasons USPS (United States Postal Service) made this Forever Liberty Bell stamp. The Liberty Bell is an icon that resonates for freedom and independence for all of America, and those are exactly the qualities we want people to associate with the Forever stamp,† said Michael Plunkett, Acting Vice Presid ent of Pricing and Classification for the U. S. Postal Service. The Liberty Bell is definitely a national treasure, something that American people would be truly proud of and remember forever by the people and history. Who said nothing lasts forever? The Forever Liberty Bell stamp and the Liberty Bell do. Reference:Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148,155, PP151-152, P181. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. PP. 11, 12, 34-35 John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 Lyoyd de Vries , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Phil adelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 Figure 1: August 22, 2008, National Postal Museum http://arago. si. edu/index. asp? con=2&cmd=1&id=218791&img=1&pg=1 Figure 2: 1915. Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop04. htm Figure 3:1915, Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop03. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. P. 11 [ 2 ].Gary B. Nash P. 11 [ 3 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P. 155 [ 4 ]. Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com [ 5 ]. John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com [ 6 ]. Charlene Mires P. 148 [ 7 ]. Harcourt, Brace( 1922), The Declaration o f Independence, Carl Lotus Becker press. P. 6 [ 8 ]. Thomas Jefferson(1776), United States Declaration of Independence. [ 9 ]. Gary B. Nash . PP 33-34 [ 10 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 11 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 12 ].New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Philadelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 [ 13 ]. The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2 [ 14 ]. John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 [ 15 ]. Gary B. Nash P. 12 [ 16 ]. John O’Brien P. 25 [ 17 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148. [ 18 ]. Charlene P. 181 [ 19 ]. Lyoyd de Vries, , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS Liberty Bell Sound of the Freedom- The Liberty Bell Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Meaning can be found even in the most mundane of objects. For instance, consider the USA First Class stamp. On its upper left corner, the number 2008 shows that this stamp was produced in year 2008. The right side of the stamp says â€Å"USA FIRST-CLASSS FOREVER†, meaning that this postage stamp is valid for First-Class postage in the United States no matter when it is used.There is an extraordinary metal bell is in the middle of the stamp – the Liberty Bell, a venerable historic relic that I am going to analyze in the rest of this research paper. The bell was first known by the world as a metal musical instrument in ancient China. Tuned bells in that age were created and played to be performed only for imperial families and noblemen, as a symbol of power and status. Later on, bells became widely used in different religions. For example, bells played an importa nt role in the Eastern world of Buddhism and Hinduism as temple bells.In western world, bells were commonly used as church bells or town bells for gathering people together. In 1752, the Quaker William Penn, legislator and founder of the Pennsylvania colony in 1682, had decided and commissioned the bell to be cast in London, and brought to North America to hang in the State House of the colony of Pennsylvania. â€Å"They had ordered very precisely that these prophetic words from the Old Testament be cast on the bell: ‘Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof. ’ † Obviously, the Liberty Bell represents the important value of liberty and freedom in Pennsylvania colony.Charlene Mires, the associate professor of history of Villanova University, thinks adults viewed the Liberty Bell as an object lesson – â€Å"a means for securing the nation’s future, children could experience it as enormous fun. But the lesson was not j ust the bell was more than an inanimate object. † There are many famous and great bells around the world: for instance, the Mingun Bell in north of Mandalay, Burma, the Largest ringing bell in the world; Tsar Kolokol III Bell, located in Moscow; the Big Ben in London and so on. Even though the Liberty Bell wasn’t the largest, eaviest, or most beautiful bell among these famous bells around the world, perhaps no other bell in the world has ever played a greater historic role than this cracked liberty bell. 2. The Liberty Bell as a symbol of the Declaration of Independence. The Liberty Bell is one of the most significant symbols throughout American history. Even through it is now one of the world’s great icons of freedom, the Liberty Bell wasn’t always so symbolic. At the beginning, the bell was only used to call the Pennsylvania assembly to meetings, just like a normal town bell.Many people think the story of the liberty bell started with it ringing to annou nce the Declaration of Independence on Fourth of July; however, the truth is, the bell did not ring until the eighth of July, the day when they called Philadelphians together for the first public reading of Declaration of Independence by Colonel John Nixon. The Declaration of Independence was an announcement that the thirteen American Colonies were at war with Great Britain as independent states and no longer a part of British Empire.The Declaration states, â€Å"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † I have found that there is much knowledge to be learned from the Declaration of Independence.It taught me think that all men are created equal, and all men have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that was given by God. The Declaration of Independence shows that American people have suffered too much from the British Empire, and the American people do not want slavery, but liberty. It is for that reason that they rang the Liberty Bell on July 4th 1776. Many people may have noticed that the huge crack on the Liberty Bell. Because of it, this two-thousand-pound mass of unstable metal nearly ended up being garbage.There are various storys about how the bell was cracked. For instance, an eighty-six-year-old man told the New-York Times in 1911 that he cracked the bell in 1835 – he would have been 10 years old at that time! Among the numerous versions of the tales of the cracking bell, the most reputable and famous account is that the bell cracked when Philadelphia’s city government rung the bell on Washington’s Birthday in 1843. Luckily, instead of being forg otten and abandoned by the world because the loss of its voice, the liberty bell gradually became a priceless and great national treasure. . Liberty Bell travels around the United States between 1885-1915. After the Liberty Bell was no longer used as working bell, especially in the years after the Civil War, it started its patriotic trips that involved itself in many obscure events in American history. It traveled by rail car around the United States, and was also placed on exhibit at numerous World’s Fairs. From 1885 to 1915, the Liberty Bell traveled by rail on seven separate trips to eight different World’s Fair exhibitions, visiting nearly 400 cities and towns on those trips from coast to coast.Here are some of the major cities and events that the Liberty Bell has traveled to. Year| Major Events and Places| 1885| To New Orleans for the World’s Industrial and Exposition. | 1893| To Chicago for the World/s Columbian Exposition. | 1895| To Atlanta for the Cotto n States and International Exposition. | 1902| To Charleston for the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition| 1903| To Boston for the Bunker Hill Monument anniversary. | 1905| To St. Louis for the Louisiana Purchase International Exposition| 1915| To San Francisco for the Panama-Pacific Exposition. Are you wondering how large the influence of the Liberty Bell is? This was how New York Times reported the New-Orleans Exposition before Liberty Bell went to New-Orleans on December 17, 1884: â€Å"This has been a day of nerveless reaction after the great strain of opening day, there were but very few visitors to the grounds, not a thousand. † Everything was changed after the Liberty Bell came to the New-Orleans Exposition. January 26th, 1885, was a great day for the New-Orleans World’s Industrial and Cotton Exposition, and for New Orleans citizens.Because â€Å"extensive preparations had been made for the reception of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia,† the New York Times proudly announced their venerable guest on Jan 27, 1885. Large numbers of citizens of New Orleans and Philadelphia met the Liberty Bell train at that point, surging forward to touch and kiss the bell. Salutes were fired, whistles blown, and flags were displayed on the exhibit with patriotic music. After the Liberty Bell was installed, it attracted visitors’ attention for nearly five months, achieving an iconic status.Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. On the last of its seven trips, the Liberty Bell was moved to the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, 1915, when the world had just been set afire by World War I. Nevertheless, the horrible World War I did not affect the enthusiasm of Californian people wanting to see the Liberty Bell.In fact, when the organizers of Panama-Pacific Internatio nal Exposition asked Philadelphia city officials to send the Liberty Bell to the Exposition, the city officials denied the request because they were afraid the big crack on the Bell would get larger during its travels and eventually the Bell would fall apart. However, the Philadelphians changed their mind after two hundred thousand Californian schoolchildren signed petitions begging Philadelphia to send the bell. A journalist in San Diego said that â€Å"there is not a single person in any state of the union who does not feel a personal interest in the bell. After the Panama-Pacific International Exposition ended at December 4th 1915, the exposition officials returned the bell and wrote, â€Å"You will be pleased to know that while the Liberty Bell was here in San Francisco, eight million people came to see it! † Even nowadays, several millions people visit the Independence Hall each year, pondering the meaning of the Liberty Bell. Figure 3 Route from home to San Francisco ( right end is Philadelphia, San Francisco at the left end)Even though some people think that other symbols such as the American flag, the Statue of Liberty, and the Uncle Sam draw more attention than Liberty Bell, the Liberty Bell still played a huge important role in the construction of American nationalism. During this travel to world’s fairs and exhibitions, â€Å"the Liberty Bell joined the array of American symbols that excited patriotic enthusiasm during this period in United States history, a time marked by regional reconciliation, high immigration, economic transition, and imperial expansion. â€Å"In its travels, the Liberty Bell did not lose its identity as a historic relic. Actually, the Liberty Bell became something more. † Instead of Philadelphians and other visitors going to Independence Hall in Philadelphia to experience the Liberty Bell, other Americans can also see the Bell at the center of lively hometown festivities. The trips of the Liberty Bell gav e wide public attention to each city and town where the liberty train stopped, so civilians were well prepared to welcome their historic guest.People brought their children from miles away to see the Liberty Bell, to hear its patriotic tunes, to reach out and touch it, and to stage ceremonies in the hopes that their children would long remember its national glory. Because of these travels, Americans beyond Philadelphia had a chance to enhance the relic’s reputation. Postage stamps are not just small pieces of paper. Their pictures are not chosen randomly, they are chosen to present certain thoughts or feelings that a nation wants to project to people. I believe there are reasons USPS (United States Postal Service) made this Forever Liberty Bell stamp. The Liberty Bell is an icon that resonates for freedom and independence for all of America, and those are exactly the qualities we want people to associate with the Forever stamp,† said Michael Plunkett, Acting Vice Presid ent of Pricing and Classification for the U. S. Postal Service. The Liberty Bell is definitely a national treasure, something that American people would be truly proud of and remember forever by the people and history. Who said nothing lasts forever? The Forever Liberty Bell stamp and the Liberty Bell do. Reference:Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148,155, PP151-152, P181. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. PP. 11, 12, 34-35 John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 Lyoyd de Vries , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Phil adelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 Figure 1: August 22, 2008, National Postal Museum http://arago. si. edu/index. asp? con=2&cmd=1&id=218791&img=1&pg=1 Figure 2: 1915. Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop04. htm Figure 3:1915, Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop03. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. P. 11 [ 2 ].Gary B. Nash P. 11 [ 3 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P. 155 [ 4 ]. Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com [ 5 ]. John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com [ 6 ]. Charlene Mires P. 148 [ 7 ]. Harcourt, Brace( 1922), The Declaration o f Independence, Carl Lotus Becker press. P. 6 [ 8 ]. Thomas Jefferson(1776), United States Declaration of Independence. [ 9 ]. Gary B. Nash . PP 33-34 [ 10 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 11 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 12 ].New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Philadelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 [ 13 ]. The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2 [ 14 ]. John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 [ 15 ]. Gary B. Nash P. 12 [ 16 ]. John O’Brien P. 25 [ 17 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148. [ 18 ]. Charlene P. 181 [ 19 ]. Lyoyd de Vries, , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS